{"id":50458,"date":"2018-05-16T11:33:44","date_gmt":"2018-05-16T11:33:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=wiki&#038;p=50458"},"modified":"2018-05-16T11:33:44","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T11:33:44","slug":"glande-suprarenale","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/glande-suprarenale\/","title":{"rendered":"Glande suprarenale"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Ce sunt glandele suprarenale?<\/h2>\n<p>Glandele suprarenale sunt dou\u0103 glande mici, localizate c\u00e2te una \u00een cap\u0103tul superior al fiec\u0103rui rinichi. Au aproximativ 5 cm lungime \u0219i 2.5 cm l\u0103\u021bime \u0219i c\u00e2nt\u0103resc aproximativ 5 grame fiecare. Seam\u0103n\u0103 cu o form\u0103 triunghiular\u0103 \u0219i au o culoare maro &#8211; g\u0103lbuie.<\/p>\n<p>Glanda dreapt\u0103 se afl\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 vena cav\u0103 inferioar\u0103 (vena care poart\u0103 s\u00e2ngele de la picioare \u0219i abdomen \u00eenapoi c\u0103tre inim\u0103) \u0219i are, \u00een general, o ven\u0103 suprarenal\u0103 care se gole\u0219te direct \u00een aceasta. Glanda st\u00e2ng\u0103 se afl\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 aort\u0103 (artera care ia s\u00e2nge de la inim\u0103 \u0219i \u00eel transport\u0103 \u00een alte zone ale corpului), colon, stomac \u0219i splin\u0103. Are o singur\u0103 ven\u0103 suprarenal\u0103 care se gole\u0219te \u00een vena renal\u0103. At\u00e2t glanda suprarenal\u0103 dreapt\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i cea st\u00e2ng\u0103 primesc s\u00e2nge de la numeroase vase de s\u00e2nge care vin din diafragm\u0103, vasele rinichilor \u0219i aort\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Glandele suprarenale au dou\u0103 straturi: cortex \u0219i m\u0103duv\u0103. Fiecare strat are origine diferit\u0103, structur\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bii. Por\u021biunea cortical\u0103 (numit\u0103 \u0219i cortex suprarenal) este realizat\u0103 din trei por\u021biuni stratificate succesive. Fiecare por\u021biune este specializat\u0103 \u00een producerea de steroizi hormonali speciali. Regiunea glomerular\u0103 (stratul cel mai de la exterior) produce aldosteron \u0219i al\u021bi hormoni, cum ar fi mineralocorticoide, esen\u021biale pentru reglarea s\u0103rii \u0219i apei din p\u0103r\u021bile corpului. Por\u021biunea aranjat\u0103 (stratul intermediar) produce cortizon, cortizol \u0219i corticosteron (carbohidrat activ de \u00eenlocuire a glucocorticoidului) esen\u021biale pentru metabolism \u0219i suprimarea sistemului imunitar. \u00cen final, re\u021beaua (stratul cel mai de la interior) ofer\u0103 producerea hormonilor sexuali, \u00een special androgeni, dar \u0219i progesteron \u0219i estrogen. M\u0103duva (m\u0103duva suprarenal\u0103) este localizat\u0103 \u00een glanda suprarenal\u0103 \u0219i este acoperit\u0103 de por\u021biunea cortical\u0103. Cuprinde cordoane celulare neregulate care produc dou\u0103 catecolamine (neurotransmi\u021b\u0103tori), adrenalin\u0103 \u0219i noradrenalin\u0103. Ace\u0219ti hormoni prezint\u0103 r\u0103spuns de tip \u201dfight or flight\u201d \u0219i declan\u0219eaz\u0103 corpul \u00een anumite situa\u021bii (exerci\u021bii, anxietate \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe). Secretarea hormonilor cortexului suprarenal \u0219i, \u00een special, hormonilor glucocorticoizi este controlat\u0103 de hormonul pituitar ACTH.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen momentul \u00een care glandele produc mai mul\u021bi sau mai pu\u021bin hormoni dec\u00e2t cei solicita\u021bi de corp, pot ap\u0103rea bolile. Deficien\u021ba suprarenal\u0103 apare \u00een momentul care glanda suprarenal\u0103 nu produce suficien\u021bi hormoni. Poate fi fatal dac\u0103 persoana nu prime\u0219te un tratament medical corect. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, \u00een momentul \u00een care glanda suprarenal\u0103 produce prea mul\u021bi hormoni, poate duce la urm\u0103toarele boli: sindromul Cushing (prea mult cortizol), hiperaldosteronism primar (prea mult aldosteron), hiperandrogenism (prea mult androgen), feocromocitom (prea mult\u0103 adrenalin\u0103) \u0219i paraganglion (prea mult\u0103 adrenalin\u0103). \u00cen orice caz, determinarea celei mai adecvate forme de tratament este important\u0103 pentru prevenirea complica\u021biilor care pot s\u0103 apar\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce func\u021bie au glandele suprarenale?<\/h2>\n<p>Func\u021bia primar\u0103 a glandelor suprarenale este de a secreta diferi\u021bi hormoni, folosi\u021bi \u00een principal pentru efectuarea mai multor func\u021bii fiziologice. Secre\u021bia endocrin\u0103 este introdus\u0103 direct \u00een circula\u021bie. Acest tip de secre\u021bie se distinge de secre\u021bia exocrin\u0103, \u00een care hormonii sunt plasa\u021bi \u00eentr-o cavitate natural\u0103 a corpului sau sunt elibera\u021bi \u00een exterior, ca \u00een cazul sucului gastric de la stomac.<\/p>\n<p>Glandele suprarenale produc hormoni f\u0103r\u0103 de care corpul nu poate func\u021biona, inclusiv hormonii sexuali \u0219i cortizolul. Cortizolul ajuta persoana s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la situa\u021bii de stres \u0219i ajuta la reglarea metabolismului (printre altele)\u0218 \u00een timp ce aldosteronul ajut\u0103 la controlarea nivelului de tensiune arterial\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","wiki-categories":[1691],"wiki-types":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Glande suprarenale - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/ro\/wiki\/anatomie\/glande-suprarenale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glande suprarenale - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce sunt glandele suprarenale? 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Glandele suprarenale sunt dou\u0103 glande mici, localizate c\u00e2te una \u00een cap\u0103tul superior al fiec\u0103rui rinichi. Au aproximativ 5 cm lungime \u0219i 2.5 cm l\u0103\u021bime \u0219i c\u00e2nt\u0103resc aproximativ 5 grame fiecare. Seam\u0103n\u0103 cu o form\u0103 triunghiular\u0103 \u0219i au o culoare maro &#8211; g\u0103lbuie. 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