{"id":62331,"date":"2020-06-01T08:14:06","date_gmt":"2020-06-01T08:14:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/?post_type=disease&#038;p=62331"},"modified":"2020-11-03T15:18:18","modified_gmt":"2020-11-03T15:18:18","slug":"hiponatremija","status":"publish","type":"disease","link":"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/hiponatremija\/","title":{"rendered":"Hiponatremija"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hiponatremija je stanje, ki se pojavi kot nenormalno nizka raven natrija v krvi. Natrij je elektrolit in pomaga uravnavati koli\u010dino vode, ki je v celicah in okoli njih.<\/p>\n<p>Razli\u010dni dejavniki, vklju\u010dno z zdravstvenimi stanji ali pitjem preve\u010d vode med vzdr\u017eljivostnimi \u0161porti, lahko povzro\u010dijo red\u010denje natrija v telesu. Ko se to zgodi, raven vode v telesu naraste, zaradi \u010desar celice nabreknejo. Oteklina lahko povzro\u010di \u0161tevilne zdravstvene te\u017eave.<\/p>\n<p>Zdravljenje hiponatremije se osredoto\u010da na razre\u0161itev osnovnega stanja. Glede na vzrok hiponatremije lahko zdravljenje vklju\u010duje pitje manj vode ali teko\u010din in zdravil.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Simptomi<\/h2>\n<p>Simptomi hiponatremije lahko vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glavobol<\/li>\n<li>Zmeda<\/li>\n<li>Slabost in bruhanje<\/li>\n<li>Utrujenost in izguba energije<\/li>\n<li>Nemir in razdra\u017eljivost<\/li>\n<li>Mi\u0161i\u010dna oslabelost, kr\u010di ali kr\u010di<\/li>\n<li>Epilepti\u010dni napadi<\/li>\n<li>Koma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Vzroki<\/h2>\n<p>Natrij je klju\u010dnega pomena za telo. Uravnava teko\u010dinsko ravnovesje v telesu; pomaga vzdr\u017eevati normalen krvni tlak in podpira delovanje \u017eivcev in mi\u0161ic.<\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017eni vzroki in dejavniki, ki lahko privedejo do hiponatremije, vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dolo\u010dena zdravila: Diuretiki, antidepresivi in \u200b\u200bzdravila proti bole\u010dinam lahko povzro\u010dijo pogosto uriniranje ali nenormalno potenje.<\/li>\n<li>Sindrom neustreznega anti-diureti\u010dnega hormona (SIADH): Sindrom, pri katerem pride do prekomerne proizvodnje anti-diureti\u010dnega hormona, zaradi katerega telo zadr\u017ei vodo, namesto da bi jo izlo\u010dilo skozi urin.<\/li>\n<li>Te\u017eave s srcem, ledvicami in jetri: Zastojno sr\u010dno popu\u0161\u010danje ter bolezni ledvic ali jeter lahko povzro\u010dijo kopi\u010denje teko\u010dine v telesu, kar razred\u010di natrij in zni\u017ea raven.<\/li>\n<li>Kroni\u010dno, mo\u010dno bruhanje ali driska: Posledica tega je izguba teko\u010dine in elektrolitov.<\/li>\n<li>Dehidracija: Premajhen vnos teko\u010dine vodi do izgube teko\u010din in elektrolitov.<\/li>\n<li>Pitje preve\u010d vode: Preve\u010d vode med vzdr\u017eljivostnimi \u0161porti lahko razred\u010di natrij v krvi.<\/li>\n<li>Hormonske spremembe: Pogoji, kot je insuficienca nadledvi\u010dnih \u017elez, lahko poslab\u0161ajo sposobnost nadledvi\u010dnih \u017elez, da proizvajajo potrebne hormone. Nizka raven \u0161\u010ditni\u010dnega hormona lahko povzro\u010di tudi nizko raven natrija.<\/li>\n<li>Nelegalna zdravila (Ecstasy): Ekstazi je amfetamin, ki pove\u010duje tveganje za hude in smrtne primere hiponatremije.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\nDejavniki tveganja<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dejavniki tveganja za hiponatremijo vklju\u010dujejo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Starost<\/li>\n<li>Nekatera zdravila (diuretiki, antidepresivi, zdravila proti bole\u010dinam)<\/li>\n<li>Pogoji, ki zmanj\u0161ujejo telesno izlo\u010danje vode (ledvi\u010dna bolezen, SIADH, sr\u010dno popu\u0161\u010danje)<\/li>\n<li>Visok vnos vode med intenzivnimi fizi\u010dnimi aktivnostmi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Zapleti<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pri kroni\u010dni hiponatremiji koncentracija natrija postopoma pada v nekaj dneh, kar povzro\u010da zmerne simptome in zaplete. Po drugi strani pa pri akutni hiponatremiji raven natrija nenadoma ali hitro pade, kar povzro\u010di resne zaplete, kot je hitro otekanje mo\u017eganov, kar lahko privede do kome ali smrti. Po\u0161kodba mo\u017eganov zaradi hiponatremije je pogostej\u0161a pri \u017eenskah pred menopavzo. Ta zaplet je lahko posledica vpliva \u017eenskih spolnih hormonov na telesno sposobnost, da uravnava raven natrija.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Preventiva<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Naslednje lahko pomaga prepre\u010diti hiponatremijo:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ustrezno zdravljenje za povezana stanja (npr. Insuficienca nadledvi\u010dnih \u017elez) Varnostni ukrepi med intenzivnimi fizi\u010dnimi aktivnostmi (pitje toliko teko\u010dine, kot je izgubljeno)<\/li>\n<li>\u0160portne pija\u010de med intenzivnimi aktivnostmi<\/li>\n<li>Zmeren vnos vode<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.7.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hiponatremija - Humanitas.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.humanitas.net\/sl\/diseases\/hiponatremija\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hiponatremija - Humanitas.net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hiponatremija je stanje, ki se pojavi kot nenormalno nizka raven natrija v krvi. 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