After exposing the skin to the sun in the summer months, many women see dark brown spots appearing on their faces. This is melasma, a widespread cosmetic skin disorder affecting almost exclusively women, caused by an overproduction of melanin.
What measures can be taken against these spots?
Melasma seasonal changes
Melasma generally manifests as spots on the cheeks, upper lip, nose, and forehead. While this is not certain, the widespread assumption is that melasma is caused by hormonal activity. Even if the disorder is also called the “mask of pregnancy,” since it affects pregnant women with higher incidence, there certainly are other factors that contribute to it, such as:
- Stress;
- Use of scented lotions;
- Genetic predisposition;
- Taking photo-sensitizing drugs;
- Being on birth control.
Dark spots are caused by excess production of melanin, a pigment that, in addition to being responsible for tanning, protects the skin from the sun’s ultraviolet rays. Therefore, the spots are not noticeable during the winter as they blend in with the skin tone; instead, they appear as early as spring and darken in summer when the sun’s rays stimulate them.
This does not necessarily mean that the sun should be avoided entirely, but rather that it is necessary to use the proper protection. The skin should be protected with unscented sunscreens with high SPF (50 or more). Exposure during the hottest hours should be avoided. It is important to use other precautions, such as glasses and hats, if unavoidable.
Read the labels carefully
It is important to pay attention when selecting a product, as some of them, including some sunscreens, can worsen melasma. This happens when lotions are scented or contain photo-sensitizing substances. It is, therefore, crucial to carefully read the list of ingredients in the product or, even better, to ask a dermatologist for a specific prescription.
What can be done after exposure to the sun?
In the winter, there are ways to help lighten the spots, such as:
- Micropeeling treatments;
- Lightening creams;
- Dermocosmetic treatments such as deeper peels or lasers.