Pregnancy is a complex and delicate process, with the placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac playing crucial roles in the development of a fetus. These three components form a life support system for the baby in the womb. Let’s delve deeper into this topic with the help of Obstetrics and Gynecology experts.

The Placenta

The placenta is a temporary organ that develops soon after fertilization. It reaches full development around the 12th-13th week of gestation. Its primary functions are:

  • Facilitating the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and the developing fetus;
  • Providing a protective barrier against harmful substances;
  • Producing hormones such as hCG, estrogen, and progesterone to sustain the pregnancy.

The umbilical cord is cut after the baby’s birth, and the placenta is naturally expelled, usually within 30 minutes during vaginal deliveries.

The Umbilical Cord

The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta. Its flexible structure measures up to 60 centimeters in length and 2 centimeters in diameter. It comprises:

  • A vein that transports oxygen-rich blood from the uterus to the fetus via the placenta.
  • Two smaller arteries responsible for carrying oxygen-depleted blood and waste products from the fetus to the mother.

The cord is clamped and cut shortly after birth, and the remaining stump typically falls off within 8-10 days.

The Amniotic Sac

The amniotic sac is a fluid-filled structure that surrounds and protects the developing fetus throughout pregnancy. Covered by the chorion, it helps maintain a stable temperature. The key functions of the amniotic sac are:

  • Shielding the fetus from external shocks and allowing unrestricted movement.
  • Promoting the development of muscle tone in the fetus.

As gestation progresses, the amniotic fluid volume within the sac increases, and routine ultrasound scans monitor levels.

Rupture of the amniotic sac, also known as “breaking of the water,” is a sign that labor is imminent and can occur before or during labor, necessitating immediate medical attention if it happens.