Cefonicid is an antibiotic that belongs to the beta-lactam category, more specifically to the group of second generation cephalosporins. It acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial wall. Similar to other cephalosporins, this antibiotic has the ability to bind to the transpeptidase enzymes that serve to create the bonds between the peptidoglycan chains (the polymers essential for the formation of the bacterial wall). In turn, the activity of the transpeptidase enzymes inhibits the stability of the bacterial cell wall, resulting in the death of the growing bacterial cells.
This antimicrobial has a spectrum similar to that of Cefamandole, however, unlike the other second-generation cephalosporins, it has a much longer half-life (4 hours against 0.8). For this reason, it is typically sufficient to administer this medication parenterally in unique daily doses.
In general, Cefonicid and the second-generation cephalosporins are characterized by having a broad spectrum of action that is effective both on Gram-positive bacteria and on Gram-negative bacteria. They also have very advantageous pharmacokinetic properties.
What is Cefonicid?
Cefonicid is used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by bacteria that is susceptible to cephalosporin antibiotics. It is especially useful in treating surgical site infections (pre, intra and post-operative infections).
How should Cefonicid be taken?
Cefonicid is administered parenterally, on a daily basis and in unique doses (powder and solvent solution to be injected via intramuscularly or intravenously). Antibiotic therapy with Cefonicid should last no less than 48 hours after the symptoms have disappeared in order to avoid possible recurrence.
Side effects associated with Cefonicid
The basic treatment of Cefonicid is generally well tolerated. The most common side effects seen especially in susceptible or sensitive individuals include the following:
- Gastrointestinal disorders: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain;
- Kidney function abnormalities: glomerular and tubular damage;
- Urinary abnormalities: proteinuria;
- Liver function abnormalities: increased transaminases; increased bilirubin;
- Hematologic abnormalities: hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia;
- Neurological symptoms: lethargy, spasms;
- Allergic reactions: itching, hives, angioedema, bronchospasm, hypotension, anaphylactic reactions.
Contraindications and warnings associated with the use of Cefonicid
Particular attention should be paid when administering this drug in elderly patients, patients suffering from kidney disease or more sensitive patients to the possible side effects of this antibiotic therapy. More specifically, during treatment with Cefonicid, renal function should be closely monitored.
Generally, the use of Cefonicid during pregnancy and during breastfeeding is contraindicated. In case of urgency or real need, it can be administered under close medical supervision.
